Transient Impact Behavior of High-speed Jets on Composite Oxhide-gelatin Targets

WANG Zheng; YANG Guangming; LI Haipeng; ZHAO Yongsheng; PAN Fei

doi:10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.02.002

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Equipment Environmental Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2) : 8-14. DOI: 10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.02.002

Weapons Equipment

Transient Impact Behavior of High-speed Jets on Composite Oxhide-gelatin Targets

WANG Zheng, YANG Guangming^*, LI Haipeng, ZHAO Yongsheng, PAN Fei

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Abstract

The work aims to conduct an experimental study to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the stream at different operating distances and its impact effects on bio-simulated tissues to deal with the risk of injury caused by the high kinetic energy of the stream from close-range use of high-speed tear gas jets. High-speed imaging and transient pressure testing techniques were employed to simulate human skin and soft tissues with composite oxhide-gelatin targets. The stream's motion morphology, velocity attenuation patterns, and impact pressure distribution were analyzed. Results showed that at a close-range condition of 30 cm, the jet remained good cohesion, with a velocity of 109.8 m/s and a peak impact pressure of 2.008 MPa, indicating potential for localized penetration. As the operating distance increased, the stream gradually dispersed, with significant attenuation in both velocity and pressure. At 200 cm, the peak pressure decreased to 0.139 MPa. In conclusion, the oxhide-simulated skin layer effectively disperses impact energy by converting concentrated dynamic pressure into surface deformation, thereby preventing perforation of the gelatin target. This demonstrates that skin structure provides a certain degree of impact protection. The study emphasizes the need to strictly control the minimum operating distance in practical applications to reduce the risk of kinetic energy-induced injuries, providing experimental evidence for the safe use and effectiveness evaluation of non-lethal weapons.

Key words

non-lethal weapons / high-speed jet / gelatin target / transient impact / kinetic energy assessment

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WANG Zheng, YANG Guangming, LI Haipeng, ZHAO Yongsheng, PAN Fei. Transient Impact Behavior of High-speed Jets on Composite Oxhide-gelatin Targets[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(2): 8-14 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.02.002

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